Intestinal failure (IF) is a condition, in which the intestinal function or length remaining is below the minimum amount required for the absorption of sufficient nutrients and fluid to maintain normal life. The nutritional supply of IF depends on the anatomical site, length, and function of the remaining bowel. The goals of nutritional therapy for patients with IF are to achieve bowel adaptation to absorb nutrients sufficiently to live a healthy life with the current intestinal condition, and to promote the enteral autonomy to control nutrient digestion, absorption, excretion, and bowel movement. To stabilize and recover the patient’s nutrition condition after a huge bowel resection, the intestinal rehabilitation team (IRT) for individual nutritional therapy should be established. IRT carefully monitors the changes in body weight, medication use, patient’s symptoms, nutrient deficiency, hydration status, function of the remaining bowel, degree of bowel adaptation, adverse effects due to nutritional therapy, and enteral balance. To achieve intestinal adaptation and enteral autonomy through complicated and difficult nutritional intensive therapy in IF patients, it is essential to manage the patients through multidisciplinary collaboration involving physicians, pharmacists, dietitians, and nurses.