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Citations to this article as recorded by  

• GLIM-defined malnutrition and cachexia are associated with overall survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with sorafenib
  Ananda Giovana Cabral Silva, Yolanda José Ricardo Soares Manuel, Fabíola Furtuoso Zarpelão, Renata Erbert Contriciani, Leo Victor Kim, Sandra Regina Branbilla, Gianni Shigeru Setoue Liveraro, Jun Takahashi, Lígia de Moraes Antunes-Correa, Maria Carolina S
  Clinical Nutrition ESPEN.2026; 76: 105110.     CrossRef
• Association between sarcopenia and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma
  Hae Il Jung
  Annals of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism.2023; 15(3): 65.     CrossRef

Sarcopenia is characterized as a syndrome involving the progressive or generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength with or without increased fat mass. This is one of well-known risk factors for adverse treatment outcomes in patients with various medical and surgical diseases. Sarcopenia itself, independent of the body mass index, is a powerful prognostic factor for cancer cachexia, liver cirrhosis, and even all causes of mortality. In terms of gastrointestinal surgery, sarcopenia is a significant prognostic factor in patients with gastric or colorectal cancers. Sarcopenia is related to postoperative complication, 30-day mortality, overall survival, and disease-free survival after gastrointestinal surgery. For patients with hepatic surgery, sarcopenia is also a significant prognostic factor. Several studies, including meta-analysis, proved sarcopenia to be waiting-list mortality and post-transplantation mortality in liver transplantation patients. Similarly, preoperative sarcopenic obesity was an independent risk factor for death and hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after a hepatectomy. In cases of pancreatic cancer, several studies proposed that sarcopenia was an objective measure of patient frailty that was strongly associated with the long-term outcome independent of tumor-specific factors. In addition, sarcopenia or sarcopenic obesity has been reported to be a strong predictor of major complications after pancreatectomy. As a result, sarcopenia could be used to improve patient selection before a pancreatectomy. The next step to solve the questions to manage sarcopenia and improve the post-pancreatectomy outcomes would be to determine the role of nutrition and physical activity in the prevention or treatment of sarcopenia, and to develop specific medications with an evidence-based treatment of sarcopenia in patients with pancreatectomy.

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• Major Surgery in Sarcopenic Patients
  Kyung Won Seo
  Surgical Metabolism and Nutrition.2019; 10(1): 5.     CrossRef