Annals of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism

Definition, assessments, and current research on sarcopenia in children: a narrative review: Min-Jung Bang; Ann Clin Nutr Metab 2024;16(2):49-56. Published online August 1, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.15747/ACNM.2024.16.2.49

Abstract PDF ePub: Purpose: Sarcopenia is a well-established prognostic factor for the clinical outcomes of adult patients with cancer and chronic diseases and correlates with increased intensive care unit admissions and prolonged hospital stays. However, research on sarcopenia in children is limited due to its undefined criteria and a lack of studies exploring its impact on clinical outcomes.
Current concept: The challenges in pediatric sarcopenia research include the absence of standardized body composition methods to quantify muscle mass and muscular function, as well as inconsistencies in definitions. Additionally, there is a lack of age- and gender-specific normative data, particularly for young children and infants. Most studies also lack assessments of muscle function, which can lead to bias and misclassification of sarcopenia. The field is further hindered by poor study quality, limited outcome-focused research, and a dearth of longitudinal data. While some studies suggest that various diseases can affect children’s lean muscle mass, few have linked changes in muscle mass to clinical outcomes.
Conclusion: The existing literature on pediatric sarcopenia and its relationship with medical and surgical outcomes is sparse and indicates poorer outcomes associated with sarcopenia. Although extensive research has established a link between sarcopenia and adverse outcomes in adults, information on its impact in pediatric populations remains scarce. Further studies are needed to elucidate the association between muscle mass and outcomes in pediatric surgical patients.

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Relationship of Sarcopenia with the Outcomes of Patients who Underwent Surgery for Bile Duct Cancer: Hye Jin Kim, Min-Su Park, Bum-Soo Kim, Sang-Mok Lee; Surg Metab Nutr 2019;10(2):54-58. Published online December 30, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.18858/smn.2019.10.2.54

Purpose:

This study investigated the impact of Sarcopenia by examining the psoas muscle on the outcomes after bile duct resection for bile duct cancer.

Materials and Methods:

This study retrospectively analyzed 101 patients who underwent surgery for bile duct cancer between January 2006 and December 2015 at Kyung-Hee University Hospital. Skeletal muscle mass was evaluated by performing preoperative computed tomography to define Sarcopenia. Patients were classified into two groups by the median value of the psoas muscle index (PMI).

Results:

The median value of the psoas muscle index in female patients was 463.9 mm²/m², and the median value of the psoas muscle index in males was 688.7 mm²/m². In the sarcopenia group, the 1, 3, and 5-year recurrence free survival rates were 74.5%, 52.9%, and 27.5%, respectively. On the other hand, in the non-sarcopenia group the 1, 3, and 5-year recurrence free survival rates were 50%, 34%, and 28%, respectively. In the sarcopenia group, the 1, 3, and 5-year overall survival rates were 84.3%, 54.9%, and 31.4%, respectively. In the non-sarcopenia group, 1, 3, and 5-year overall survival rates were 58%, 40%, and 32%, respectively. However, recurrence-free survival and overall survival were not correlated with sarcopenia (P=0.131, P=0.163).

Conclusion:

Sarcopenia using the psoas muscle index (PMI) has no impact on outcomes of bile duct cancer patients who underwent surgery. (Surg Metab Nutr 2019;10:-58)

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Sarcopenia increases the risk of major organ or vessel invasion in patients with papillary thyroid cancer
Ja Kyung Yoon, Jung Hyun Yoon, Vivian Youngjean Park, Minah Lee, Jin Young Kwak
Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

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Relationship of the Psoas Muscle Index with the Other Nutritional Factors in Patients Who Underwent Emergency Operation with Colonic Perforation: Young Hun Kim, Ki Wook Lee, Kyung Jong Kim; Surg Metab Nutr 2018;9(2):36-40. Published online December 30, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.18858/smn.2018.9.2.36

Abstract PDF ePub: Purpose:

This study examined the correlation between the preoperative nutritional index and Sarcopenia in emergency colonic perforation patients.

Materials and Methods:

Patients undergoing an emergency operation with colorectal perforation at Chosun University Hospital between January 2014 and December 2016 were included in the analysis, and the medical records were reviewed retrospectively. Sarcopenia was defined by the psoas muscle area measured by preoperative computed tomography (CT) cross sectional imaging at L3 vertebra. The clinical nutritional index of patients with PMI (psoas muscle index)-High group were compared with a PMI-Low group.

Results:

The median PMI of the males was 4.48 cm²/m² and the median of females was 3.33 cm²/m² (P=0.002) The PMI-High and PMI-Low groups were not correlated with age and gender (P=0.455 and P=0.806, respectively). The traditional indicators of the nutritional status, such as body mass index (BMI), albumin, and lymphocytes, were not associated with sarcopenia (P=0.094, P=0.676, and P=1.000, respectively). No significant difference was observed between the ASA classification and sarcopenia (P=0.145).

Conclusion:

Sarcopenia using PMI was not associated with previous nutritional indices in patients undergoing emergency surgery due to colonic perforation. In the future, large-scale studies will need to identify its role as a prognostic factor.

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