Annals of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism

Guideline

Nutritional support for critically ill patients by the Korean Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition — part I: a clinical practice guideline: Seung Hwan Lee, Jae Gil Lee, Min Kwan Kwon, Jiyeon Kim, Mina Kim, Jeongyun Park, Jee Young Lee, Ye Won Sung, Bomi Kim, Seong Eun Kim, Ji Yoon Cho, A Young Lim, In Gyu Kwon, Miyoung Choi, KSPEN Guideline Committee; Ann Clin Nutr Metab 2024;16(3):89-111. Published online December 1, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.15747/ACNM.2024.16.3.89

Purpose: Nutritional support for adult critically ill patients is essential due to the high risk of malnutrition, which can lead to severe complications. This paper aims to develop evidence-based guidelines to optimize nutritional support in intensive care units (ICUs).
Methods: The Grading Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation process was used to develop and summarize the evidence on which the recommendations were based. Clinical outcomes were assessed for seven key questions.
Results: We recommend the following: (1) initiate enteral nutrition (EN) within 48 hours after treatment as it is associated with improved outcomes, including reduced infection rates and shorter ICU stays; (2) early EN is preferred over early parenteral nutrition due to better clinical outcomes; (3) the use of supplementary parenteral nutrition to meet energy targets during the first week of ICU admission in patients receiving early EN is conditionally recommended based on patient-specific needs; (4) limited caloric support should be supplied to prevent overfeeding and related complications, particularly in the early phase of critical illness; (5) higher protein intake is suggested to improve clinical outcomes, such as muscle preservation and overall recovery; (6) additional enteral or parenteral glutamine is conditionally recommended against due to the lack of significant benefit and potential harm; and (7) fish oil-containing lipid emulsions is conditionally recommended due to their potential to enhance clinical outcomes, including reduced infection rates and shorter ICU stays.
Conclusion: These evidence-based recommendations can improve clinical outcomes and support healthcare providers in making informed decisions about nutritional interventions in the ICU.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Case Report: Optimizing wound care: tailored nutritional strategies with immune- modulating enteral nutrients
Fiji Antony, Wafaa Ayesh
Frontiers in Nutrition.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Enteral Nutrition Versus a Combination of Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition in Critically Ill Adult Patients in the Intensive Care Unit: An Overview of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis
Paraskevi Papanikolaou, Xenophon Theodoridis, Androniki Papaemmanouil, Niki N. Papageorgiou, Alexandra Tsankof, Anna-Bettina Haidich, Christos Savopoulos, Konstantinos Tziomalos
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2025; 14(3): 991. CrossRef

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Original Article

Characteristics and Practice of Parenteral Nutrition in Hospitalized Adult Cancer Patients in Korea: Hyo Jung Park, You Min Sohn, Jee Eun Chung, Jung Tae Kim, Jin A Yang, Hye Jung Bae, Ye Won Sung, Sun Hwa Kim,Ji Yoon Cho, Kyung Mi Jung, Hee Kyung Bae; J Clin Nutr 2020;12(2):34-40. Published online December 31, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.15747/jcn.2020.12.2.34

Abstract PDF: Purpose: There have been no clinical studies on the characteristics of parenteral nutrition (PN) for adult cancer inpatients in South Korea. The published evidence describing modern PN practices in these patients is also extremely limited. Therefore in this retrospective multicenter cross-sectional study, we aimed to investigate the PN support practice in hospitalized adult cancer patients.
Methods: The study included adult cancer patients hospitalized in nine hospitals in South Korea and received PN, during the period from August 1st, 2017 to October 30th, 2017. We evaluated the relevant hospital-based PN practices in this group.
Results: Among the 11,580 inpatient admissions during this period, 759 cancer patients received PN (6.6%). The majority of enrolled patients (97.2%) used commercially available PN and 71.2% of these used peripheral PN formulations. The average in-hospital PN duration was 16.1±19.9 days. Patients received only 65.4±25.4% calories of the recommended target calories. The in-hospital mortality of enrolled patients was 26.1%.
Conclusion: We conclude that commercial PN is the most common form of PN administered to hospitalized adult cancer patients and the overall in-hospital mortality in the patients using PN is higher in South Korea compared to other countries.

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