Annals of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism

Changes in perceptions of taste after bariatric surgery: a narrative review: Young Suk Park; Ann Clin Nutr Metab 2024;16(3):120-124. Published online December 1, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.15747/ACNM.2024.16.3.120

Abstract PDF ePub: Purpose: Bariatric surgery effectively treats severe obesity, leading to significant weight loss and improved comorbidities. However, many patients experience postoperative alterations in taste perception, affecting food selection and eating behavior. This narrative review examines the current understanding of taste perception changes following bariatric surgery, including patterns, potential mechanisms, impact on weight loss outcomes, and implications for patient care.
Current concept: Changes in taste perception are frequently reported after bariatric procedures, with prevalence rates from 36% to 72%. Common alterations involve decreased preference and increased sensitivity to sweet and fatty tastes, potentially leading to reduced calorie intake and healthier food choices. Persistence of these changes varies and may depend on surgery type, with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass patients often experiencing more substantial effects than sleeve gastrectomy patients. Potential mechanisms include alterations in gut hormone secretion (e.g., GLP-1, peptide YY, ghrelin), modifications in neural pathways (e.g., vagus nerve), and shifts in the gut microbiome. These factors may collectively influence taste sensitivity and preferences, contributing to weight loss outcomes. Altered reward processing may reduce the appeal of high-calorie foods.
Conclusion: Alterations in taste perception are common after bariatric surgery and may significantly impact dietary behaviors, weight loss, and quality of life. While exact mechanisms are not fully understood, changes in gut hormones, neural pathways, and microbiota are likely involved. Patient counseling and postoperative management of bariatric surgery patients should address potential changes in taste. Further research is needed to elucidate the long-term impacts of taste alterations on weight-loss maintenance and nutritional status.

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Long-Term Changes of Body Mass Index and Nutritional Biochemical Markers in the Obese Elderly with Gastric Cancer: Eunjung Kim, Ji-Hyeon Park, Eun-Mi Seol, Seong-Ho Kong, Do Joong Park, Han-Kwang Yang, Hyuk-Joon Lee; Ann Clin Nutr Metab 2021;13(2):52-61. Published online December 31, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.15747/ACNM.2021.13.2.52

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Perioperative Management of Morbidly Obese Patients during Major Abdominal Surgery: Byeong-Gon Na, Sang-Jae Park; Ann Clin Nutr Metab 2021;13(2):26-33. Published online December 31, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.15747/ACNM.2021.13.2.26

Abstract PDF ePub

The population with obesity is seeing a steady increase globally. Obesity is known to be associated with morbidity and mortality after major abdominal surgery, and this correlation becomes more prominent in morbidly obese (MO) patients. Accordingly, adequate preoperative evaluation and preparation should be performed with an understanding of the pathophysiological changes associated with the MO. Precise surgery and adequate postoperative management are also mandatory to reduce complications and unplanned readmissions. However, adequate guidelines for the perioperative management of MO patients undergoing major abdominal surgery are lacking. We provide an overview of the pathophysiologic changes and practical guidelines on the perioperative management of major abdominal surgery in MO patients.

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Multiplicative effect of frailty and obesity on postoperative mortality following spine surgery: a deep dive into the frailty, obesity, and Clavien-Dindo dynamic
Oluwafemi P. Owodunni, Evan N. Courville, Uchenna Peter-Okaka, Christian B. Ricks, Meic H. Schmidt, Christian A. Bowers
International Journal of Obesity.2024; 48(3): 360. CrossRef

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Effect of Obesity on 30-Day Mortality in Critically Ill Surgical Patients: Jung Yeob Ko, Yun Tae Jung, Jae Gil Lee; J Clin Nutr 2018;10(2):51-55. Published online December 31, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.15747/jcn.2018.10.2.51

Abstract PDF ePub: Purpose:
This study was conducted to assess how extreme obesity affects 30-day mortality in this patient group.
Methods:
A total of 802 patients who underwent emergency gastrointestinal surgery from January 2007 to December 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided into three groups according to their body mass index (BMI): group 1, normal weight (BMI: 18.5∼22.9 kg/m²); group 2, overweight (BMI: 23.0∼29.9 kg/m²); and group 3, obesity (BMI≥30 kg/m²). Patients with a BMI under 18.5 were excluded from the analysis. Chi-squared test, Fisher’s exact test, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, and the log-rank test were used to assess and compare 30-day mortality rates between groups.
Results:
The mortality rates of group 1, group 2, and group 3 were 11.3%, 9.0%, and 26.9%, respectively (P<0.017). The mortality rate did not differ significantly between group 1 and 2 (11.3% vs. 9.0%; P=0.341), but group 1 and 2 showed better survival rates than group 3 (11.3% vs. 26.9%; P=0.028, 9.0% vs. 26.9%; P=0.011). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that group 3 had higher mortality than the other two groups (P=0.001).
Conclusion:
Obesity (BMI≥30 kg/m²) was one of the risk factors influencing critically ill patients who underwent emergency surgery.

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Effect of Sarcopenia in Patients after Pancreatectomy: In Woong Han; Surg Metab Nutr 2018;9(2):31-35. Published online December 30, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.18858/smn.2018.9.2.31

Abstract PDF ePub

Sarcopenia is characterized as a syndrome involving the progressive or generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength with or without increased fat mass. This is one of well-known risk factors for adverse treatment outcomes in patients with various medical and surgical diseases. Sarcopenia itself, independent of the body mass index, is a powerful prognostic factor for cancer cachexia, liver cirrhosis, and even all causes of mortality. In terms of gastrointestinal surgery, sarcopenia is a significant prognostic factor in patients with gastric or colorectal cancers. Sarcopenia is related to postoperative complication, 30-day mortality, overall survival, and disease-free survival after gastrointestinal surgery. For patients with hepatic surgery, sarcopenia is also a significant prognostic factor. Several studies, including meta-analysis, proved sarcopenia to be waiting-list mortality and post-transplantation mortality in liver transplantation patients. Similarly, preoperative sarcopenic obesity was an independent risk factor for death and hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after a hepatectomy. In cases of pancreatic cancer, several studies proposed that sarcopenia was an objective measure of patient frailty that was strongly associated with the long-term outcome independent of tumor-specific factors. In addition, sarcopenia or sarcopenic obesity has been reported to be a strong predictor of major complications after pancreatectomy. As a result, sarcopenia could be used to improve patient selection before a pancreatectomy. The next step to solve the questions to manage sarcopenia and improve the post-pancreatectomy outcomes would be to determine the role of nutrition and physical activity in the prevention or treatment of sarcopenia, and to develop specific medications with an evidence-based treatment of sarcopenia in patients with pancreatectomy.

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Major Surgery in Sarcopenic Patients
Kyung Won Seo
Surgical Metabolism and Nutrition.2019; 10(1): 5. CrossRef

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Systematic Review of the Evidence for an Association between Korean Sugar Intake and Risk of Obesity: Jaekyung Choi, Ah-Leum Ahn, Kyoung Sik Park, Jae Hoon Cho, Eunyoel Yang, Young Bin Cho, Jong Ryul Kwon, Jaedo Oh, Ik Jin Yun, Wonjung Yun, Eun Yeong Song; Surg Metab Nutr 2015;6(2):23-27. Published online December 30, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.18858/smn.2015.6.2.23

Abstract PDF ePub

Background:

The purpose of this study is to collect research data on sugar intake and obesity of Koreans and through systematic review, present our views on the topic.

Materials and Methods:

An analysis of previously reported research studies was conducted through systematic review and data were collected from databases in Korea and other countries. Out of 1,316 studies collected, 7 were chosen for the purpose of this research study.

Result:

According to a study including female Korean high school students and college students in Seoul as the subjects, those who were overweight had slightly lower sugar intake than those who were normal weight. Another study conducted on a large group of females showed that there was no substantial difference in the level of sugar intake between the “Obese Group” and the “Normal Weight Group.” In the group of Korean adults with a high level of carb consumption, the cross ratio of the overall sugar intake and obesity showed a tendency to increase, but no significant differences were observed. Intake of sugar-sweetened drinks by children and teenagers (age 7 to 12) in Korea resulted in an increase in the odds ratio of obesity.

Conclusion:

This study does not show that the amount of sugar intake and obesity does not show a direct correlation among Koreans. A more developed and thorough study that considers not only the amount of sugar intake, but also other factors such as physical activity or exercise, should be devised.

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Intake-related factors and educational needs regarding energy drinks in female high school students in the Incheon area
So Hyun Park, Seon Hwa Lee, Kyung Ja Chang
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2017; 50(5): 460. CrossRef

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