Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) therapy has advanced significantly during the recent half a century, from single bottle therapy to the combined therapy including macronutrients and micronutrients. The purposes of 3-chamber bag development are to reduce the restriction of total nutrient admixture, and increase the accessibility of therapy. This is also based on trial and errors during R&D activities, and the clinical experiences at the hospital compounding centers. The 3-chamber bag started with concerns regarding the mixture of fat and glucose and amino acids, but up to the present, it is used widely with clinical experience of more than 15 years. Therefore, it might be reasonable to ensure that its efficacy and safety is confirmed. The physicians have reported that it contributes to the convenient and efficient nutrition therapy, allowing enhanced patient compliance and convenience at hospital. In addition, depending on the further R&D works, 3-chamber bags are expected to advance further, opening a new landscape for advanced nutrition therapy.

The restricted resources on healthcare highlights the importance of clinical and cost effectiveness. The social and economic costs of chronic diseases are increasing. Home total parenteral nutrition (home TPN) for the patients with intestinal failure is a life-sustaining therapy until intestinal transplantation. An economic evaluation of home TPN has not been conducted in Korea. Three types of economic evaluations for home TPN are cost benefit analysis, cost effectiveness analysis, and cost utility analysis. Korea’s medical market is competitive due to the limited health care resources. A health care delivery system from hospital to home needs to be established under the supervision of professional Nutrition Support Team staff including the systematic policies and social recognition.