Department of Pharmacy, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam
College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
Copyright: © Korean Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition
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Variable | EN+PN (n=12) | PN (n=88) | P-value |
---|---|---|---|
Age (y) | 71.00±15.85 | 69.19±11.90 | 0.716 |
Sex | |||
Male | 9 (75.0) | 69 (78.4) | 0.723 |
Female | 3 (25.0) | 19 (21.6) | |
Number of comorbidity | 5.00±4.24 | 3.91±2.39 | 0.607 |
Weight (kg) | 61.96±8.55 | 60.37±12.87 | 0.680 |
PaO2/FiO2 ratioa | 118.59±57.64 | 115.44±82.97 | 0.464 |
Prone position duration (h/d) | 17.06±2.67 | 13.82±5.74 | 0.076 |
SAPS IIb | 52.25±11.35 | 50.61±12.97 | 0.588 |
APACHE IIb | 27.58±4.83 | 29.75±5.21 | 0.177 |
SOFAb | 10.83±2.33 | 10.39±3.01 | 0.623 |
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation or number (%). EN = enteral nutrition; PN = parenteral nutrition; SAPS II = Simplified Acute Physiology Score II; APACHE II = Acute Physiologic and Chronic Health Evaluation II; SOFA = Sequential Organ Failure Assessment.
aPaO2/FiO2 ratio was measured at intensive care unit (ICU) admission.
bSAPS II, APACHE II, and SOFA were calculated based on laboratory data during the first 24 h of ICU admission.
Variable | EN+PN (n=12) | PN (n=88) | P-value |
---|---|---|---|
Patients number of ≥80% energy intake (kcal)/energy goala (kcal) | 8 (66.7) | 20 (22.7) | 0.003 |
Actual energy intake (kcal/kg/d) | 17.19±6.53 | 10.81±9.29 | 0.007 |
Actual energy intake/energy goala (%) | 85.94±32.64 | 53.93±46.35 | 0.007 |
Actual protein intake (kcal/kg/d) | 0.78±0.28 | 0.47±0.47 | <0.001 |
Actual protein intake/protein goalb (%) | 65.29±23.54 | 39.16±38.98 | <0.001 |
Values are presented as number (%) or mean± standard deviation.
EN = enteral nutrition; PN = parenteral nutrition.
aEnergy goal: 20 kcal/kg/d,
bprotein goal: 1.2 g/kg/d.16
Patient | Age | Sex | Total number of prone position sessiona | Duration of prone position sessions (mean h/d) | EN bstart day from ICU admission day | EN start day from prone position start day | EN (kcal/ session)c | Mortality | GRVd (cc) | VAP | Vomiting |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 79 | Male | 6 | 14.77 | 7 | 6 | 145 | Death | -e | No | No |
2 | 75 | Male | 3 | 16.33 | 5 | 2 | 520 | Death | 50 | No | No |
490 | 100 | ||||||||||
3 | 34 | Male | 2 | 15.91 | 6 | 2 | 120 | Survival | - | Yes | No |
4 | 74 | Male | 8 | 8.19 | 2 | 3 | 155 | Death | - | No | No |
185 | - | ||||||||||
275 | - | ||||||||||
305 | - | ||||||||||
5 | 68 | Male | 7 | 17.05 | 2 | 2 | 190 | Death | 150 | No | Yes |
260 | - | ||||||||||
6 | 80 | Female | 4 | 17.20 | 2 | 1 | 90 | Survival | - | No | No |
100 | - | ||||||||||
150 | - | ||||||||||
6f | 4 | 2 | 2 | 230 | - | ||||||
180 | - | ||||||||||
7 | 75 | Female | 5 | 17.13 | 1 | 1 | 310 | Death | - | No | No |
200 | - | ||||||||||
200 | 100 | ||||||||||
8g | 83 | Male | 7 | 17.68 | 3 | 1 | 130 | Death | 80 | No | No |
170 | 60 | ||||||||||
130 | 100 | ||||||||||
310 | 10 | ||||||||||
400 | 10 | ||||||||||
9 | 81 | Male | 6 | 15.99 | 2 | 1 | 330 | Death | - | No | No |
330 | 50 | ||||||||||
620 | 25 | ||||||||||
40 | - | ||||||||||
30 | - | ||||||||||
10 | 43 | Female | 1 | 20.4 | 1 | 1 | 500 | Survival | - | No | No |
11 | 78 | Male | 5 | 18.32 | 5 | 1 | 250 | Death | 160 | No | No |
70 | 0 | ||||||||||
12 | 82 | Male | 5 | 14.06 | 5 | 5 | 40 | Death | - | No | No |
210 | - | ||||||||||
5h | 16.1h | 2i | 2i | 241.2h | 75% | 95.75h | 8.3% | 8.3% |
EN = enteral nutrition; ICU = intensive care unit; GRV = gastric residual volume; VAP = ventilator associated pneumonia.
aTotal number of prone position session during ICU stay.
bEN was administered via nasogastric tube using bolus feeding method. EN formulas were Nucare (Daesang Welllife, Seoul, Korea), CareWell 1.5 (Korea Enteral Foods, Seoul, Korea), IntensiveFL (Korea Enteral Foods, Seoul, Korea) or Greenvia 1.5 (Dr.Chung’s food, Cheongju, Korea).
cTotal calories of EN feeding during each prone position session.
dMeasured GRV in each prone position session during EN feeding.
enot measured.
fReadmission to ICU.
gProkinetic agent (itopride) was used.
hmean.
imedian.
Characteristics of patients with prone position
Variable | EN+PN (n=12) | PN (n=88) | P-value |
---|---|---|---|
Age (y) | 71.00±15.85 | 69.19±11.90 | 0.716 |
Sex | |||
Male | 9 (75.0) | 69 (78.4) | 0.723 |
Female | 3 (25.0) | 19 (21.6) | |
Number of comorbidity | 5.00±4.24 | 3.91±2.39 | 0.607 |
Weight (kg) | 61.96±8.55 | 60.37±12.87 | 0.680 |
PaO2/FiO2 ratio |
118.59±57.64 | 115.44±82.97 | 0.464 |
Prone position duration (h/d) | 17.06±2.67 | 13.82±5.74 | 0.076 |
SAPS II |
52.25±11.35 | 50.61±12.97 | 0.588 |
APACHE II |
27.58±4.83 | 29.75±5.21 | 0.177 |
SOFA |
10.83±2.33 | 10.39±3.01 | 0.623 |
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation or number (%). EN = enteral nutrition; PN = parenteral nutrition; SAPS II = Simplified Acute Physiology Score II; APACHE II = Acute Physiologic and Chronic Health Evaluation II; SOFA = Sequential Organ Failure Assessment.
aPaO2/FiO2 ratio was measured at intensive care unit (ICU) admission.
bSAPS II, APACHE II, and SOFA were calculated based on laboratory data during the first 24 h of ICU admission.
Nutritional support
Variable | EN+PN (n=12) | PN (n=88) | P-value |
---|---|---|---|
Patients number of ≥80% energy intake (kcal)/energy goal |
8 (66.7) | 20 (22.7) | 0.003 |
Actual energy intake (kcal/kg/d) | 17.19±6.53 | 10.81±9.29 | 0.007 |
Actual energy intake/energy goal |
85.94±32.64 | 53.93±46.35 | 0.007 |
Actual protein intake (kcal/kg/d) | 0.78±0.28 | 0.47±0.47 | <0.001 |
Actual protein intake/protein goal |
65.29±23.54 | 39.16±38.98 | <0.001 |
Values are presented as number (%) or mean± standard deviation.
EN = enteral nutrition; PN = parenteral nutrition.
aEnergy goal: 20 kcal/kg/d,
bprotein goal: 1.2 g/kg/d.16
Summary of patients supporting with EN
Patient | Age | Sex | Total number of prone position session |
Duration of prone position sessions (mean h/d) | EN |
EN start day from prone position start day | EN (kcal/ session) |
Mortality | GRV |
VAP | Vomiting |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 79 | Male | 6 | 14.77 | 7 | 6 | 145 | Death | - |
No | No |
2 | 75 | Male | 3 | 16.33 | 5 | 2 | 520 | Death | 50 | No | No |
490 | 100 | ||||||||||
3 | 34 | Male | 2 | 15.91 | 6 | 2 | 120 | Survival | - | Yes | No |
4 | 74 | Male | 8 | 8.19 | 2 | 3 | 155 | Death | - | No | No |
185 | - | ||||||||||
275 | - | ||||||||||
305 | - | ||||||||||
5 | 68 | Male | 7 | 17.05 | 2 | 2 | 190 | Death | 150 | No | Yes |
260 | - | ||||||||||
6 | 80 | Female | 4 | 17.20 | 2 | 1 | 90 | Survival | - | No | No |
100 | - | ||||||||||
150 | - | ||||||||||
6 |
4 | 2 | 2 | 230 | - | ||||||
180 | - | ||||||||||
7 | 75 | Female | 5 | 17.13 | 1 | 1 | 310 | Death | - | No | No |
200 | - | ||||||||||
200 | 100 | ||||||||||
8 |
83 | Male | 7 | 17.68 | 3 | 1 | 130 | Death | 80 | No | No |
170 | 60 | ||||||||||
130 | 100 | ||||||||||
310 | 10 | ||||||||||
400 | 10 | ||||||||||
9 | 81 | Male | 6 | 15.99 | 2 | 1 | 330 | Death | - | No | No |
330 | 50 | ||||||||||
620 | 25 | ||||||||||
40 | - | ||||||||||
30 | - | ||||||||||
10 | 43 | Female | 1 | 20.4 | 1 | 1 | 500 | Survival | - | No | No |
11 | 78 | Male | 5 | 18.32 | 5 | 1 | 250 | Death | 160 | No | No |
70 | 0 | ||||||||||
12 | 82 | Male | 5 | 14.06 | 5 | 5 | 40 | Death | - | No | No |
210 | - | ||||||||||
5 |
16.1 |
2 |
2 |
241.2h | 75% | 95.75h | 8.3% | 8.3% |
EN = enteral nutrition; ICU = intensive care unit; GRV = gastric residual volume; VAP = ventilator associated pneumonia.
aTotal number of prone position session during ICU stay.
bEN was administered via nasogastric tube using bolus feeding method. EN formulas were Nucare (Daesang Welllife, Seoul, Korea), CareWell 1.5 (Korea Enteral Foods, Seoul, Korea), IntensiveFL (Korea Enteral Foods, Seoul, Korea) or Greenvia 1.5 (Dr.Chung’s food, Cheongju, Korea).
cTotal calories of EN feeding during each prone position session.
dMeasured GRV in each prone position session during EN feeding.
enot measured.
fReadmission to ICU.
gProkinetic agent (itopride) was used.
hmean.
imedian.
Efficacy of nutrition support in prone position
Variable | EN+PN (n=12) | PN (n=88) | P-value |
---|---|---|---|
ICU length of stay (d) | 22.17±14.56 | 18.18±21.18 | 0.128 |
Mechanical ventilation (d) | 19.27±14.75 | 14.45±19.10 | 0.098 |
ICU mortality | 9 (75.0) | 41 (46.6) | 0.065 |
Hospital mortality | 10 (83.3) | 51 (58.0) | 0.081 |
Ventilator associated pneumonia | 1 (8.3) | 4 (4.5) | 0.480 |
Vomiting | 1 (8.3) | 1 (1.1) | 0.227 |
Values are mean±standard deviation or number (%)
EN = enteral nutrition; PN = parenteral nutrition; ICU = intensive care unit.
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation or number (%). EN = enteral nutrition; PN = parenteral nutrition; SAPS II = Simplified Acute Physiology Score II; APACHE II = Acute Physiologic and Chronic Health Evaluation II; SOFA = Sequential Organ Failure Assessment. PaO2/FiO2 ratio was measured at intensive care unit (ICU) admission. SAPS II, APACHE II, and SOFA were calculated based on laboratory data during the first 24 h of ICU admission.
Values are presented as number (%) or mean± standard deviation. EN = enteral nutrition; PN = parenteral nutrition. Energy goal: 20 kcal/kg/d, protein goal: 1.2 g/kg/d.
EN = enteral nutrition; ICU = intensive care unit; GRV = gastric residual volume; VAP = ventilator associated pneumonia. Total number of prone position session during ICU stay. EN was administered Total calories of EN feeding during each prone position session. Measured GRV in each prone position session during EN feeding. not measured. Readmission to ICU. Prokinetic agent (itopride) was used. mean. median.
Values are mean±standard deviation or number (%) EN = enteral nutrition; PN = parenteral nutrition; ICU = intensive care unit.