Department of Pharmacy, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
Copyright: © Korean Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Characteristic | Glutamine for 3 days or more (n=95) | Non-glutamine (n=562) | P-value |
---|---|---|---|
Gender | 0.296 | ||
Male | 63 (66.3) | 341 (60.7) | |
Female | 32 (33.7) | 221 (39.3) | |
Age (y) | 66.11±15.78 | 67.75±15.47 | 0.341 |
Height (cm) | 166.57±8.62 | 163.61±10.08 | 0.008** |
Weight (kg) | 61.35±12.15 | 61.38±12.77 | 0.984 |
Admission type | 0.000*** | ||
NS, NR | 20 (21.1) | 256 (45.6) | |
GS, GE | 18 (18.9) | 44 (7.8) | |
HE | 1 (1.1) | 3 (0.5) | |
RP | 42 (44.2) | 113 (20.1) | |
NH, UR | 1 (1.1) | 43 (7.7) | |
Etc. | 13 (13.7) | 103 (18.3) | |
APACHE II score at ICU entry | 6.00±7.36 | 6.26±6.58 | 0.720 |
Values are presented as number (%) or mean±standard deviation.
NS = neurosurgery; NR = neurology; GS = general surgery; GE = gastroenterology; HE = hematology; RP = respiratory medicine; NH = nephrology; UR = urology; APACHE II = Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; ICU = intensive care unit.
**P<0.01,
***P<0.001.
Glutamine administration (L-alanyl-L-glutamine) | Glutamine for 3 days or more (n=95) |
---|---|
Day | 10.12±8.93 |
Dose (g/kg/d)a | 0.33±0.10 |
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation.
aGuideline statement of intravenous glutamine supplementation dose: 0.3∼0.6 g/kg/day L-alanyl-L-glutamine.9
Laboratory result | Glutamine for 3 days or more (n=95) | Non-glutamine (n=562) | P-value |
---|---|---|---|
Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 2.48±11.25 | 2.08±7.48 | 0.660 |
Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL) | 29.06±33.07 | 26.26±25.48 | 0.346 |
Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L) | 90.15±295.13 | 123.44±574.60 | 0.581 |
Alanine transaminase (U/L) | 63.50±190.39 | 67.29±287.76 | 0.902 |
Total bilirubin (mg/dL) | 1.46±4.15 | 0.89±1.78 | 0.186 |
Albumin (g/dL) | 3.12±0.84 | 3.41±0.78 | 0.001** |
Total protein (g/dL) | 5.77±1.00 | 6.04±1.00 | 0.020* |
C-reactive protein (mg/dL) | 11.48±10.77 | 9.56±9.76 | 0.085 |
Glucose (mg/dL) | 151.43±62.86 | 158.83±95.53 | 0.334 |
Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 116.4±76.95 | 118.83±99.33 | 0.825 |
Laboratory result | Glutamine for 3 days or more (n=95) | P-value | Non-glutamine (n=562) | P-value | P-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | Pre | 2.47±11.25 | 0.329 | 2.09±7.52 | 0.012* | 0.062 |
Post | 1.33±1.44 | 0.329 | 1.26±1.70 | |||
Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL) | Pre | 29.06±33.07 | 0.128 | 26.24±25.64 | 0.048* | 0.022* |
Post | 35.27±28.21 | 0.128 | 29.24±28.29 | |||
Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L) | Pre | 90.15±295.13 | 0.972 | 124.64±578.72 | 0.065 | 0.283 |
Post | 88.92±188.73 | 0.972 | 73.42±294.86 | |||
Alanine transaminase (U/L) | Pre | 63.98±191.36 | 0.884 | 68.07±289.80 | 0.039* | 0.199 |
Post | 60.77±118.03 | 0.884 | 41.32±85.63 | |||
Total bilirubin (mg/dL) | Pre | 1.46±4.15 | 0.191 | 0.89±1.79 | 0.385 | 0.003** |
Post | 1.82±4.82 | 0.191 | 0.96±2.23 | |||
Albumin (g/dL) | Pre | 3.12±0.84 | 0.001** | 3.42±0.78 | 0.000*** | 0.000*** |
Post | 2.78±0.61 | 0.001** | 2.98±0.54 | |||
Total protein (g/dL) | Pre | 5.77±1.00 | 0.658 | 6.04±1.00 | 0.000*** | 0.007** |
Post | 5.82±1.11 | 0.658 | 5.89±0.82 | |||
C-reactive protein (mg/dL) | Pre | 11.37±10.78 | 0.005** | 9.56±9.79 | 0.000*** | 0.000*** |
Post | 7.75±6.70 | 0.005** | 7.56±7.67 | |||
Glucose (mg/dL) | Pre | 151.43±62.86 | 0.557 | 158.75±95.75 | 0.000*** | 0.000*** |
Post | 142.63±137.54 | 0.557 | 124.50±68.42 | |||
Triglyceride (mg/dL) | Pre | 116.40±76.95 | 0.019* | 118.42±99.50 | 0.004** | 0.019* |
Post | 147.20±114.35 | 0.019* | 136.76±139.16 |
Clinical effect | Glutamine for 3 days or more (n=95) | Non-glutamine (n=562) | P-value |
---|---|---|---|
ICU LOS (d) | 21.16±15.83 | 16.48±11.06 | 0.007** |
Hospital LOS (d) | 35.94±30.75 | 27.34±19.09 | 0.0107* |
30-Days mortality | 19 (20.0) | 56 (10.0) | 0.0347* |
Hospital mortality | 25 (26.3) | 73 (13.0) | 0.0017** |
Characteristic | Glutamine for 3 days or more (n=95) | Non-glutamine (n=562) | P-value |
---|---|---|---|
Gender | 0.296 | ||
Male | 63 (66.3) | 341 (60.7) | |
Female | 32 (33.7) | 221 (39.3) | |
Age (y) | 66.11±15.78 | 67.75±15.47 | 0.341 |
Height (cm) | 166.57±8.62 | 163.61±10.08 | 0.008 |
Weight (kg) | 61.35±12.15 | 61.38±12.77 | 0.984 |
Admission type | 0.000 |
||
NS, NR | 20 (21.1) | 256 (45.6) | |
GS, GE | 18 (18.9) | 44 (7.8) | |
HE | 1 (1.1) | 3 (0.5) | |
RP | 42 (44.2) | 113 (20.1) | |
NH, UR | 1 (1.1) | 43 (7.7) | |
Etc. | 13 (13.7) | 103 (18.3) | |
APACHE II score at ICU entry | 6.00±7.36 | 6.26±6.58 | 0.720 |
Values are presented as number (%) or mean±standard deviation.
NS = neurosurgery; NR = neurology; GS = general surgery; GE = gastroenterology; HE = hematology; RP = respiratory medicine; NH = nephrology; UR = urology; APACHE II = Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; ICU = intensive care unit.
**P<0.01,
***P<0.001.
Glutamine administration (L-alanyl-L-glutamine) | Glutamine for 3 days or more (n=95) |
---|---|
Day | 10.12±8.93 |
Dose (g/kg/d) |
0.33±0.10 |
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation.
aGuideline statement of intravenous glutamine supplementation dose: 0.3∼0.6 g/kg/day L-alanyl-L-glutamine.9
Laboratory result | Glutamine for 3 days or more (n=95) | Non-glutamine (n=562) | P-value |
---|---|---|---|
Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 2.48±11.25 | 2.08±7.48 | 0.660 |
Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL) | 29.06±33.07 | 26.26±25.48 | 0.346 |
Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L) | 90.15±295.13 | 123.44±574.60 | 0.581 |
Alanine transaminase (U/L) | 63.50±190.39 | 67.29±287.76 | 0.902 |
Total bilirubin (mg/dL) | 1.46±4.15 | 0.89±1.78 | 0.186 |
Albumin (g/dL) | 3.12±0.84 | 3.41±0.78 | 0.001 |
Total protein (g/dL) | 5.77±1.00 | 6.04±1.00 | 0.020 |
C-reactive protein (mg/dL) | 11.48±10.77 | 9.56±9.76 | 0.085 |
Glucose (mg/dL) | 151.43±62.86 | 158.83±95.53 | 0.334 |
Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 116.4±76.95 | 118.83±99.33 | 0.825 |
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation.
*P<0.05,
**P<0.01.
Laboratory result | Glutamine for 3 days or more (n=95) | P-value | Non-glutamine (n=562) | P-value | P-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | Pre | 2.47±11.25 | 0.329 | 2.09±7.52 | 0.012 |
0.062 |
Post | 1.33±1.44 | 0.329 | 1.26±1.70 | |||
Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL) | Pre | 29.06±33.07 | 0.128 | 26.24±25.64 | 0.048 |
0.022 |
Post | 35.27±28.21 | 0.128 | 29.24±28.29 | |||
Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L) | Pre | 90.15±295.13 | 0.972 | 124.64±578.72 | 0.065 | 0.283 |
Post | 88.92±188.73 | 0.972 | 73.42±294.86 | |||
Alanine transaminase (U/L) | Pre | 63.98±191.36 | 0.884 | 68.07±289.80 | 0.039 |
0.199 |
Post | 60.77±118.03 | 0.884 | 41.32±85.63 | |||
Total bilirubin (mg/dL) | Pre | 1.46±4.15 | 0.191 | 0.89±1.79 | 0.385 | 0.003 |
Post | 1.82±4.82 | 0.191 | 0.96±2.23 | |||
Albumin (g/dL) | Pre | 3.12±0.84 | 0.001 |
3.42±0.78 | 0.000 |
0.000 |
Post | 2.78±0.61 | 0.001** | 2.98±0.54 | |||
Total protein (g/dL) | Pre | 5.77±1.00 | 0.658 | 6.04±1.00 | 0.000 |
0.007 |
Post | 5.82±1.11 | 0.658 | 5.89±0.82 | |||
C-reactive protein (mg/dL) | Pre | 11.37±10.78 | 0.005 |
9.56±9.79 | 0.000 |
0.000 |
Post | 7.75±6.70 | 0.005** | 7.56±7.67 | |||
Glucose (mg/dL) | Pre | 151.43±62.86 | 0.557 | 158.75±95.75 | 0.000 |
0.000 |
Post | 142.63±137.54 | 0.557 | 124.50±68.42 | |||
Triglyceride (mg/dL) | Pre | 116.40±76.95 | 0.019 |
118.42±99.50 | 0.004 |
0.019 |
Post | 147.20±114.35 | 0.019* | 136.76±139.16 |
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation.
*P<0.05,
**P<0.01,
***P<0.001.
Clinical effect | Glutamine for 3 days or more (n=95) | Non-glutamine (n=562) | P-value |
---|---|---|---|
ICU LOS (d) | 21.16±15.83 | 16.48±11.06 | 0.007 |
Hospital LOS (d) | 35.94±30.75 | 27.34±19.09 | 0.0107 |
30-Days mortality | 19 (20.0) | 56 (10.0) | 0.0347 |
Hospital mortality | 25 (26.3) | 73 (13.0) | 0.0017 |
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation or number (%).
LOS = length of stay; ICU = intensive care unit.
*P<0.05,
**P<0.01.
Values are presented as number (%) or mean±standard deviation. NS = neurosurgery; NR = neurology; GS = general surgery; GE = gastroenterology; HE = hematology; RP = respiratory medicine; NH = nephrology; UR = urology; APACHE II = Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; ICU = intensive care unit. P<0.01, P<0.001.
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation. Guideline statement of intravenous glutamine supplementation dose: 0.3∼0.6 g/kg/day L-alanyl-L-glutamine.
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation. P<0.05, P<0.01.
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation. P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.001.
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation or number (%). LOS = length of stay; ICU = intensive care unit. P<0.05, P<0.01.